#Democracy 3 police state free#

In the light of these truths, which recent events have made self-evident, the following question must be asked.

#Democracy 3 police state free#

Democracy is a matter of the free choice of government, not the pursuit of 'popular' policies. It is now impossible to defend an antiliberal concept of democracy, and there is no longer any doubt that the so-called 'people's democracies' were dictatorships imposed on peoples by political leaders relying on foreign armies. This negative concept of democracy and freedom, expounded notably by Isaiah Berlin and Karl Popper, is convincing because the main thing today is to free individuals and groups from the stifling control of a governing élite speaking on behalf of the people and the nation. Is it not enough of an achievement to rid the planet of all regimes not based on the free choice of government by the governed? Is this cautious concept not also the most valid, since it runs counter both to absolute power based on tradition and divine right, and also to the voluntarism that appeals to the people's interests and rights and then, in the name of its liberation and independence, imposes on it military or ideological mobilization leading to the repression of all forms of opposition? So we are initially attracted to a modest, purely liberal concept of democracy, defined negatively as a regime in which power cannot be taken or held against the will of the majority. What are we celebrating today? The downfall of authoritarian regimes or the triumph of democracy? And we think back and remember that popular movements which over threw anciens régimes have given rise to totalitarian regimes practising state terrorism.

UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Dangerĭemocracy these days is more commonly defined in negative terms, as freedom from arbitrary actions, the personality cult or the rule of a nomenklatura, than by reference to what it can achieve or the social forces behind it.

MGIEP - Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development.

IESALC - International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean.

IITE - Institute for Information Technologies in Education.

IICBA - International Institute for Capacity-Building in Africa.

IBE - International Bureau of Education.

ICTP - International Centre for Theoretical Physics.

IIEP - International Institute for Educational Planning.

UNEVOC - International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training.

Education for Sustainable Development Network.

International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities – ICCAR.Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.Advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.